[NewCandle] Measuring Half-Cell Charge

[Frederick Sparber]

As close as I can calculate, the 255 gram, water-filled, 2.5 inch
diameter x ~ 4.0 inch long, copper float suspended on a 50 inch
thread, pulled 0.125 inches "off plumb" by ~ 3.0 millimetres, was
lifted ~ 3.0 millimeters required a lifting force of
7.5 Milli-newtons toward the positive electrode of the 120 volt per
meter E field.

Thus, the calculated negative charge produced on the copper float by
filling it with
activated carbon-filtered tap water runs about 5.0e-5 coulombs.

Since the work function of copper is ~ 4.6 eV, one can conclude that
the copper is
extracting negative charge (electrons or OH- ions) to it's internal
surface further
indicating a "work function" of the water that is less than the 4.5 eV
 of copper.

Fred